Are soundwaves longitudinal11/14/2022 ![]() A noninvasive and express method of cancer response detection using ultrasound spectroscopy provides a framework for personalized medicine with regards to the treatment planning of refractory patients resulting in substantial improvements in patient survival. Depending on the desired resolution, parametric ultrasound images can be computed and displayed within minutes to hours after ultrasound examination for cell death. Color-coded images of ultrasound spectroscopic parameters, or parametric images, permit the delineation of areas of dead cells versus viable cells using high ultrasound frequencies, and the delineation of areas of therapy response in patient tumors using clinically relevant ultrasound frequencies. Finally, we describe how one can detect cancer response to treatment in patients noninvasively early (within 1 week of treatment initiation) using low-frequency ultrasound spectroscopic imaging and advanced machine learning techniques. Experiments using tumor xenografts in mice and cancer treatments based on chemotherapy are described. In this chapter, we describe two new methodologies: (1) application of high-frequency ultrasound spectroscopy for in vivo detection of cancer cell death in small animal models, and (2) extension of ultrasound spectroscopy to the lower frequency range (i.e., 1–10 MHz range) for the detection of cell death in vivo in preclinical and clinical settings. This could be explained by the electrostatic interaction between gelatin chains and laponite particles while there is no interaction between gelatin chains and alumina particles. The results have been clearly shown that composite films with laponite are more rigid than the ones with alumina (at the same concentration of fillers). They are also called longitudinal mechanics because they vibrate in the direction of propagation of wave and. Then, the viscoelastic properties of these films were investigated by nondestructive techniques such as acoustic waves at frequencies of the order of MHz, and Brillouin spectroscopy at frequencies of the order of GHz. Sound Waves are longitudinal waves while Light waves are transverse waves. Sound waves are mechanical waves because they require a medium for their propagation. Transparent monolayer films have been obtained with different concentrations of laponite (alumina). In addition, the pH effect on zeta potential and size particles of these solutions were also studied. In order to obtain the expected material, all the conditions of optimization evaporation time, temperature of evaporation, optimization of plasticizer content, and control of the film thickness have been also studied. The concentration of the synthetic laponite (or alumina) has been varied from 0% to 60%. The amplitude is the maximum distance the vibrating particle travels from its undisturbed distance.In this work, we have elaborated transparent nanocomposite films by obtaining a complete exfoliation of the nanoparticles of laponite clay (or alumina) in layers of the polymeric matrix (gelatin). The wavelength of a longitudinal wave is the distance between successive compressions or the distance between successive rarefactions. In a sound wave the region of compression is at a slightly higher pressure due to the air molecules being pushed together whereas the region of rarefaction is at a slightly lower pressure as the air molecules are farther apart. These statements are about the moving air. For a sound wave traveling through air, the vibrations of the particles are best described as longitudinal. This picture shows particles of air when there is no sound wave. It is made up of regions where the air molecules are close together and have a higher particle density known as compressions and of regions where the air molecules are farther apart and have a low particle density called rarefactions. A vibrating object is making the air particles move. The diagram above shows the side view of a sound wave. The sound energy is transferred from one molecule to another and so travels along the wave.Īmplitude and Wavelength – Longitudinal Waves Thus the air molecules only move to and fro or forwards and backwards in the direction of travel of the wave. Energy is passed along the air molecules by the lengthways vibration of the air molecules. The animation above shows sound waves travelling through air. ![]()
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